public enum class LazyThreadSafetyMode {
    SYNCHRONIZED,
    PUBLICATION,
    NONE,
}

public interface Lazy<out T> {
    public val value: T
    public fun isInitialized(): Boolean
}

internal object UNINITIALIZED_VALUE

// internal to be called from lazy in JS
internal class UnsafeLazyImpl<out T>(initializer: () -> T) : Lazy<T>, Serializable {
    private var initializer: (() -> T)? = initializer
    private var _value: Any? = UNINITIALIZED_VALUE

    override val value: T
        get() {
            if (_value === UNINITIALIZED_VALUE) {
                _value = initializer!!()
                initializer = null
            }
            @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
            return _value as T
        }

    override fun isInitialized(): Boolean = _value !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
    override fun toString(): String = if (isInitialized()) value.toString() else "Lazy value not initialized yet."
    private fun writeReplace(): Any = InitializedLazyImpl(value)
}

internal class InitializedLazyImpl<out T>(override val value: T) : Lazy<T>, Serializable {
    override fun isInitialized(): Boolean = true
    override fun toString(): String = value.toString()
}

private class SynchronizedLazyImpl<out T>(initializer: () -> T, lock: Any? = null) : Lazy<T>, Serializable {
    private var initializer: (() -> T)? = initializer
    @Volatile private var _value: Any? = UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
    // final field is required to enable safe publication of constructed instance
    private val lock = lock ?: this

    override val value: T
        get() {
            val _v1 = _value
            if (_v1 !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE) {
                @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
                return _v1 as T
            }

            return synchronized(lock) {
                val _v2 = _value
                if (_v2 !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE) {
                    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST") (_v2 as T)
                } else {
                    val typedValue = initializer!!()
                    _value = typedValue
                    initializer = null
                    typedValue
                }
            }
        }

    override fun isInitialized(): Boolean = _value !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
    override fun toString(): String = if (isInitialized()) value.toString() else "Lazy value not initialized yet."
    private fun writeReplace(): Any = InitializedLazyImpl(value)
}

private val lazyVariable by lazy { /* ... */ }


// uses 
public actual fun <T> lazy(initializer: () -> T): Lazy<T> = SynchronizedLazyImpl(initializer)

private class SafePublicationLazyImpl<out T>(initializer: () -> T) : Lazy<T>, Serializable {
    @Volatile private var initializer: (() -> T)? = initializer
    @Volatile private var _value: Any? = UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
    // this final field is required to enable safe initialization of the constructed instance
    private val final: Any = UNINITIALIZED_VALUE

    override val value: T
        get() {
            val value = _value
            if (value !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE) {
                @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
                return value as T
            }

            val initializerValue = initializer
            // if we see null in initializer here, it means that the value is already set by another thread
            if (initializerValue != null) {
                val newValue = initializerValue()
                if (valueUpdater.compareAndSet(this, UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, newValue)) {
                    initializer = null
                    return newValue
                }
            }
            @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
            return _value as T
        }

    override fun isInitialized(): Boolean = _value !== UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
    override fun toString(): String = if (isInitialized()) value.toString() else "Lazy value not initialized yet."
    private fun writeReplace(): Any = InitializedLazyImpl(value)

    companion object {
        private val valueUpdater = java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(
            SafePublicationLazyImpl::class.java,
            Any::class.java,
            "_value"
        )
    }
}

private val lazyVariable by lazy { /* ... */ }


public actual fun <T> lazy(initializer: () -> T): Lazy<T> = SynchronizedLazyImpl(initializer)

private val lazyVariable by lazy(LazyThreadSafetyMode.PUBLICATION) { /* ... */ }


public actual fun <T> lazy(mode: LazyThreadSafetyMode, initializer: () -> T): Lazy<T> =
    when (mode) {
        LazyThreadSafetyMode.SYNCHRONIZED -> SynchronizedLazyImpl(initializer)
        LazyThreadSafetyMode.PUBLICATION -> SafePublicationLazyImpl(initializer)
        LazyThreadSafetyMode.NONE -> UnsafeLazyImpl(initializer)
    }

private val LOCK = Any()
private val lazyVariable by lazy(LOCK) { /* ... */ }


public actual fun <T> lazy(lock: Any?, initializer: () -> T): Lazy<T> = SynchronizedLazyImpl(initializer, lock)